DocumentsDate added
Case report:-
Dhiraj B. Nikumbh1*, Nandkumar V. Dravid2, Priya S. Bagle3, Anjali M. Chitale4 & Chakor M. Rokade5
1Associate Professor,2Professor & Head,3Assistant Professor, 5Assistant Lecturer, Department of Pathology ,4 Professor, Department of Surgery, JMF’s ACPM medical college and hospital, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:-
Condyloma acuminata or genital wart is the anogenital expression of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease in the western world. Isolated condyloma acuminata of the thigh in absence of similar lesions on the genital areas are very uncommon. After extensive review of literature, only limited case reports were available of this rare entity. Herein, we present a case of condyloma acuminata of the left thigh in a 60 year old male in absence of any similar lesions on genital areas. The diagnosis was offered on cytology and histopathologically; as a result of curiosity due to its unusual appearance on gross features. We present this case due to its rarity and uncommon findings.
Keywords:- Condyloma acuminata, HPV, viral disease.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Nikumbh DB et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Khaji. Shahanavaj. I*
Lecturer, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College & Research Centre, Mahatma gandhi hospital campus, New Pargaon- 416137. Kolhapur , Maharastra,India.
Abstract:- Background and objectives: In the last 15 years, the perception of transfusion of allogeneic blood in the surgical setting has moved from a benign intervention, sometimes life-saving, to an outcome to be avoided. The risks associated with allogenic blood transfusion are increasing recognized. Since then, an extensive literature has developed on the indications for, risks of, and alternatives to transfusion of allogeneic blood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects & practical Limits of acute standardized normovolemic hemodilution in patients undergoing elective major maxillofacial surgery. Patients and methods: A total of 15 patients (7 Males, 8 Females, with age ranging from 17-30 years) undergoing elective major oral surgical procedures were randomly assigned for study evaluation. Following induction of general anesthesia, sequestration of 3-5mg/kg of fresh autologous blood was withdrawn anesthetist’s supervision. Blood was collected from peripheral venous lines into bags containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-1 anticoagulant, labeled according to published guidelines and replaced simultaneously with a peripheral infusion of crystalloids at volume ratio. Transfusion requirements & post operative complications were recorded on the medical chart. Results & observations: In none of the patients (n=15) significant complications were evident except for in two patients (13%) who had low hemoglobin values post-operatively which were observed in 1st post-operative day. Two units of allogeneic blood were administered in two patients post-operatively. Retransfusion of ANH blood had no significant effect on clotting variables. Conclusion: In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that a standardized ANH harvesting a fixed volume of 350 – 500 ml of whole blood & not targeting a specific, low post ANH – hemoglobin can be considered as a safe, low time consuming & economic allogeneic blood conservation that could be offered to patients undergoing elective maxillofacial surgery, unless severe contra-indications are present. Meanwhile, further studies are necessary to define the efficacy & benefits of autologous transfusion after major elective surgical procedures. Meanwhile, further prospective clinical trials are needed to define the efficacy & benefits of autologous transfusion in major maxillofacial surgeries.
Keywords:- Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH); Isovolemic hemodilution; Autologous blood transfusion; Elective major maxillofacial surgeries.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Khaji Shahanavaj. I. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Asha Peter1*, Jyothis Mathew2 & Shini Zacharia3
1Lecturer, University College of Medical Education, M.G.University, Kottayam.686008,India. 2Ph.D in Microbiology, Professor, School of BioSciences, M.G.University, Kottayam, India 3Mphil in Microbiology, Assistant professor, University college of Medical Education, Kottayam,India.
Abstract:- Background: Mode of transmission of infections with these microorganisms has been attributed to the patient's own flora and other nosocomial routes. Hence the factors helping the enterococci to cause infection are of great value. Aim: This study was done to compare the virulence properties of isolates from clinical sources with those from non clinical sources. Methods: The presence of different virulence factors like hemolysin, lipase, caseinase, gelatinase, lyzosome resistance, DNAse, serum resistance, slime production and biofilm formation in different enterococci strains were screened by different standard methods. Results: Among the different enterococcal isolates tested, clinical isolates exhibited a higher incidence of virulence factors than nonclinical isolates. Faecal strains presented with the lowest incidence of virulence factors as compared with clinical and water strains. E.faecalis strains possessed most of the virulence factors than E.faecium. Conclusion: High incidence of virulence properties in clinical samples may be reason behind their high prevalence in clinical settings. Nevertheless the presence of these virulence factors in nonclinical isolates points to their infection potential.
Key words:- Virulence factors, Enterococcal pathogenicity, slime in enterococci, biofilm in enterococci.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Asha Peter. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Microbiology
Prashanth HV1, Prakash R2, Girishbabu RJ2,Atiya Kausar3 & Mrs. Veena Krishnamurthy4
1Professor, 2Assistant Professor, 3Post graduate(MD)cum Tutor , 4 Assistant Professor MSc (PhD) , Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur. – 572107, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a gram negative bacterium that continues to be a major cause of opportunistic nosocomial infections, causing around 9-10% of hospital infections. The rapid increase of drug resistance in clinical isolates of this opportunistic human pathogen is a worldwide concern. Unfortunately, P. aeruginosa demonstrates resistance to multiple antibiotics, thereby jeopardizing the selection of appropriate treatment. Aims & Objectives: This study was undertaken to find out the antibiotic resistance pattern of pathogenic isolates of P. aeruginosa from various specimens. Settings and Design: Hospital based Prospective study. Materials & Methods: 124 pseudomonas positive samples from various samples were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was tested as per CSLI guidelines. Statistical Analysis: The results were presented using proportions. Results: Highest percentage of P. aeruginosa was isolated in pus samples. The resistance was highest for ceftazidime (79%), followed by ceftriaxone (73%), cefepime (73%), cotrimoxazole (72.3%) and lowest for imipenem (5.1%). The rate of aminoglycoside resistance was found to be relatively high (amikacin- 46.7% & gentamicin 49.5%). Conclusions: P. aeruginosa is one of the most important bacterial pathogen seriously contributing to the problem of healthcare associated infection. Amikacin seems to be a promising therapy for pseudomonas infection. Hence its use should be restricted to serve nosocomial infections in order to avoid rapid emergence of resistance strains. Hence there is a need to emphasize the rational use of antimicrobial & strictly adhere to the concept of reserve drugs to minimize the misuse of available antimicrobials.
Keywords:- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antimicrobial susceptibility.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Prashanth et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:- Biochemistry
Pallavi Mahajan1*, Kuldip S. Sodhi1, Jasbir Singh2 & Rajesh Pandey3
1Post-graduate student, 2Professor,3Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana ,India.
Abstract:-
Circadian rhythm is the internal, 24-hour clock and is coordinated by a pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is synchronized to the environmental light/dark cycle of 24 h. Circadian clock influences nearly all aspects of physiology and behavior, including sleep-wake cycles, cardiovascular activity, endocrine system, body temperature, renal activity, physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, and hepatic metabolism. Similar clock oscillators have been found in peripheral tissues such as the liver, intestine, heart, and retina. There are two major ways by which metabolic information may reach the SCN: 1) the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system; and 2) hormones or nutrients, such as glucose, that cross the blood brain barrier. Circadian rhythm disorders are disruptions in a person’s "internal body clock" that regulates the 24-hour cycle of biological processes in animals. The key feature of circadian rhythm disorders is a continuous or occasional disruption of sleep patterns leading to various disorders like delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase syndrome, jet lag and shift work disorder. Disruption to rhythms in the longer term is believed to have significant adverse health consequences on peripheral organs outside the brain, particularly in the development or exacerbation of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and tumor development in several ways, by altering immunocompetence, growth factor expression or the endocrine environment. Future research will continue to focus on expanding our understanding of how brain and peripheral clocks coordinately regulate metabolic processes and the impact of circadian rhythms in human health and disease. The further exploration of molecular mediators that coordinate circadian, metabolic, and endocrine systems may lead to improved therapeutics and preventive interventions.
Key words:- Biorhythm, circadian, suprachiasmatic nucleus, metabolism, hormones, disorders.
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Copyright © 2013 Pallavi Mahajan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.