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Original article
Famurewa Ademola C1*,Kanu Shedrach C1,Uzoegwu Peter N2,Ogugua Victor N2
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry,Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi,Nigeria
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria,Nsukka
Address reprint requests to
*Famurewa, Ademola, Clement,
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo,Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Objective: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant associated with beneficial health effects.The leaves and flowers are used as traditional drinks and medicines in countries. The current study aimed to investigate H. sabdariffa L. methanolic extract ameliorative potential against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation, hepatic damage and oxidative stress.
Methods Adult male Wistar rats were administered 2.5 ml/kg body weight of CCl4 by oral gavage to induce oxidative stress 48 hours before administration of 200, 600 to 1000 mg/kg doses of H. sabdariffa methanolic extract to group 3, 4 and 5, respectively for 10 days (n = 5). Group 1 was used as negative control, while group 2 was used as positive-comparative control (2.5 ml/kg CCl4). At the end of the experiment, serum glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, MDA, liver damage markers and antioxidant enzymes were analysed in all the groups. Results Carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats was evidenced by increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduction in SOD, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH). H. sabdariffa extract treatment at 600 and 1000 mg/kg doses resulted in significant modulation of antioxidant indices and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05), but failed to demonstrate significant effects in AST, ALT and MDA. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum vitamin C and E at 600 and 1000mg/kg doses of the extract.Conclusion The overall results suggest that H. sabdariffa contains bioactive phytochemicals that may improve hepatic status and ameliorate oxidative damage at high doses in carbon tetrachloride intoxication.
KEYWORDS Hibiscus sabdariffa, hepatic damage, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress,phytochemicals
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Case Report
Jayabal Pandiaraja1*, Devadhason Darwin Britto2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, SRM Medical College,
Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, SRM Medical College,
Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Pandiaraja,
26/1 Kaveri Street,
Rajaji Nagar, Villivakkam, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
Article citation: Pandiaraja J, Darwin Britto D. An uncommon feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):828–830. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Most of the thyroid malignancies occur in either euthyroid or hypothyroid status. Thyroid malignancies with hyperthyroidism are very rare. There are numerous reasons for hyperthyroidism in thyroid cancer. The incidence of hyperthyroidism in thyroid malignancies
were <1%. But recent report showed increased incidence due to mutation of thyroid receptors. The problem with hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer was diagnostic difficulty and management part, because for most of the cases of hyperthyroidism thyroid malignancies
are not suspected. This is a case report of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting in hyperthyroid patient who has diagnostic difficulty and management.
KEYWORDS papillary thyroid carcinoma, hyperthyroidism, total thyroidectomy
REFERENCES
1. Gabriele R, Letizia C, Borghese M, De Toma G, Celi M, Izzo L, et al. Thyroid cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism. Horm Res. 2003;60(2):79–83.
2. Chao TC, Lin JD, Jeng LB, Chen MF. Thyroid cancer with concurrent hyperthyroidism. Arch Surg. 1999;134(2):130–4.
3. Ruggeri RM, Campennì A, Giovinazzo S, Saraceno G, Vicchio TM, Carlotta D, et al. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as toxic nodule in an adolescent: coexistent polymorphism of the TSHR and Gsα genes.Thyroid. 2013; 23(2):239–42.
4. Sung TH, Man EM, Wong WW. Paediatric thyroid carcinoma in disguise: papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with thyrotoxicosis and diffuse goiter. Pediatr Radiol. 2012;42(3):377–9.
5. Basaria S, Salvatori R. Thyrotoxicosis due to metastatic papillary thyroid cancer in a patient with Graves’ disease. J Endocrinol Invest. 2002;25(7):639–42.
6. Gulcelik MA, Gulcelik NE, Dinc S, Kuru B, Camlibel M, Alagol H. The incidence of hyperthyroidism in patients with thyroid cancer in an area of iodine deficiency. J Surg Oncol. 2006;94(1):35–9.
7. Gozu H, Avsar M, Bircan R, Claus M, Sahin S, Sezgin O, et al. Two novel mutations in the sixth transmembrane segment of the thyrotropin receptor gene causing hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2005;15(4):389–97.
8. Ragni F, Pinelli D, Facchini M, Ghedi M, Piccini I, Pasini M, et al. [Thyroid carcinoma in hyperthyroid syndromes]. G Chir. 1996;17(4):158–65.
9. dell’Erba L, Gerundini P, Caputo M, Bagnasco M. Association of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma with thyroid cancer presenting as “trapping only” nodule at 99mTcO4-scintigraphy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2003;26(11):1124–7.
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in
discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Research article
Ibrahim Bakhit Yousif Elemam1*, Mohammed Abdalgadir Elsheikh2, Areeg Mohammed Ali Elnour3, Habiba Mohieldeen Mohammed Abd Elhaleem4, Awad Eljeed Abugooda Alobaid5
1 Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan
2 Department of Histopathology and Cytology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharq Elneil College
3 Medical Laboratory Program, Al Yarmouk Colleges, Sudan
4 Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan, Sudan
5 Medical Laboratory Program, Al Yarmouk Colleges, Sudan
Address reprint requests to
*Ibrahim Bakhit Yousif Elemam,
Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan
Background Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most PREVALENT cancer and the second cause of cancer related death among men; the tumour proliferative activity is difficult to measure histologically. Increasing EVIDENCE suggests that the factors controlling cell cycle progression also modulate the rate of ribosome biogenesis; and can assess the proliferative activity.The present study aimed to assess the proliferation activity in prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods A total of 40 various prostatic lesions were studied, 20 cases of prostatic adenocarcinomas (study group) and 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as (control group). Sections of 3-μ thickness was obtained from each formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue block using rotary microtome and it was stained using haematoxylin and eosin (Mayer’s technique) and AgNOR stains.Results The majority of patients with BPH and prostate adenocarcinoma were in their sixth to eighth decade of life. The BPH samples displayed fewer AgNORs (mean 2.0 dots/cell) compare to adenocarcinomas (mean 4.1 dots/cell), p value was (0.001). Therefore this data indicate that analysis of silver staining-positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumours.Conclusions AgNOR have a value in distinguishing between BPH and adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
KEYWORDS Fprostate, carcinoma, prostatic hyperplasia, AgNORs
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Research Article
Uma Maheswari Biruda1*, Dishita Pagala2
1 Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Affiliated to DR NTR University
of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
2 Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Affiliated to DR NTR
University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh, India
Address reprint requests to
*Uma Maheswari Biruda, Department of Paediatrics, GSL Medical College, Affiliated
to DR NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
Article citation: Uma Maheswari B, DishitaP. Clinical, bacteriological and radiological study of severe pneumonia in children at a tertiary care centre. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):839–841.Available at www.jpbms.info
Background Pneumonia is the largest killer of children under 5 years, around the world. About four children die from pneumonia every minute. WHO definition of very severe pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of cough or difficulty in breathing plus at least one of the following: central cyanosis, refusal of feeds, convulsions, lethargy. The present study was done to know the risk factors, clinical, bacteriological and radiological features of severe pneumonia in children.
Methods This was a prospective study of severe pneumonia conducted in 150 children in the age group of 1 month to 5 years with clinical features of severe pneumonia. Detailed history and physical examination were done. Children were classified into severe and very severe pneumonia.
Results Study showed that 53% of children belonged to the age group of 1 month to 1 year. Fast breathing, cough and fever were the most common symptoms. Refusal of feed was present in 19% cases. Tachypnoea, chest retractions and crepitations were the most common signs. Diarrhoea (6.6%) and septicaemia (3.3%) were the associated illness; 83.3% had severe pneumonia, 16.7% had very severe pneumonia; 30% were malnourished and 66.6% were anemic.
Conclusion Pneumonia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children.
Among risk factors studied previous history of similar illness, inappropriate immunization, anaemia, malnutrition, poor housing conditions were found significant. Chest X-ray is valuable aids in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. Severity of pneumonia and malnutrition associated illness were important risk factors for mortality.
KEYWORDS pneumonia, WHO criteria, under five, malnutrition
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in
discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. The manuscript is original and is not published or communicated for publication elsewhere either in part or full.
Original article
Blau Olga1,Bulegenova Minira2*,Karazhanova Meryert3,Nurpisova Dina4, Jolbaeva Kaliyash5, Makhneva Anna6, Boranbaeva Riza7
1Professor, Head of Genetic Laboratory, Charite University, School of Medicine, Germany Professor,2 Specialist, 3,4 and Head,7 Department, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
5,6Cytogenetic Laboratory, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Charite University, School of medicine, Germany. Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Kazakhstan
Address reprint requests to
*Minira Bulegenova, Professor and Head of Laboratory Department, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Al Farabi av., Kazakhstan
Article citation: Olga B, Minira B, Meryert K, Dina N, Kaliyash J, Anna M, Riza B. Comparative investigation of conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(11):884–889. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood. Chromosomal aberrations are independent prognostic factors. Conventional cytogenetics is routinely used in the initial assessment. Nevertheless, karyotyping is often hampered by low mitotic index of malignant cells, poor chromosomal morphology and difficulties in interpretation of chromosome rearrangement. Interphase FISH provides an alternative approach to detect abnormalities in nondividing cells and also is essential for the identification of cryptic abnormalities. In the present study we analysed 56 children with ALL using both cytogenetic and FISH techniques to determine diagnostic accuracy of the both methods. FISH probes for AML1-ELN, BCR-ABL, and MLL rearrangement were used. Karyotyping was successful in 77% of cases. Cytogenetic study discovered abnormalities in 51% from succeeded karyotyping.
FISH revealed chromosomal aberration in 62.5%. FISH confirmed all cases with clonal aberrations, observed with conventional cytogenetics. Among patients with normal karyotype, 24% were detected to have clonal aberrations by FISH. Also, FISH analysis was extremely useful to detection of alteration involving of AML1 and TEL genes. We demonstrate that interphase FISH is available to detect more prognostic important genetic abnormalities than conventional cytogenetic. Cytogenetic analysis combined with FISH produced significant improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy in identification of the of risk stratification of patients.
KEYWORDS acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cytogenetics, FISH, TEL-AML, BCR-ABL, MLL
Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
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7.Moorman AV, Harrison CJ, Buck GA, Richards SM, Secker-Walker LM, Martineau M, et al. Karyotype is an independent prognostic factor in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): analysis of cytogenetic data from patients treated on the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALLXII/ Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2993 trial. Blood. 2007;109:3189–97.
8.Foà R, Vitale A, Mancini M, Cuneo A, Mecucci C, Elia L, et al. E2APBX1 fusion in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: biological and clinical features. Br J Haematol. 2003;120(3):484–7.
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