DocumentsDate added
Original article
Chowdhury Piali1, Roy Suparna2, Dasgupta Anindya3*,Basu Souvik4,Mukhopadhyay Ashis5
1 Final year post graduate in MD,Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata
2 Assistant Professor2, Professor & Head3 and Senior Resident4, Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata
5 Professor & Head, Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry and Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata 14, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Anindya Dasgupta,
Professor & Head, Dept. of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, 32 Gorachand Road,Kolkata 14, India
Article citation: Piali C, Suparna R,Anindya D, Souvik B, Ashis M. Effect of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation on altered Na+K+Atpase activity in newly diagnosed schizophrenia patients. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(12):908–913. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Background Alteration of Na+K+ATPase activity is found in several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Effect of oxidative stress has been put forward as a plausible mechanism for this, although with variable results. Aim To assess the effects of oxidative stress induced membrane lipid damage and cellular protein alteration on Na+K+ATPase activity in newly diagnosed schizophrenia patients. Settings and Design It was undertaken as a hospital-based horizontal, observational case control study in a tertiary care urban hospital involving 46 cases and 50 controls spanning a period of 1 year. Materials and Methods RBC membrane Na+K+ATPase levels were measured by the NADH/ATP coupled kinetic assay method. Serum thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl (PC) values were measured by spectrophotometric techniques. Tissue protein was estimated by Lowry’s method.Statistical Analysis After testing for normal distribution of the data obtained, independent t test, Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to analyse the difference between mean values, strength of association between parameters and predictive values of oxidative stress parameters on the Na+K+ATPase activity, respectively.Results Membrane Na+K+ATPase activity was significantly lower with significantly higher values of serum TBARS and PC in cases (p < 0.001). Although, both PC and TBARS showed significant negative correlation with Na+K+ATPase activity, it was found to be dependent significantly on the serum TBARS values only.Conclusion The study indicates that although, the increased oxidative stress in schizophrenia damages both membrane lipids and tissue proteins significantly, the compromised Na+K+ATPase activity is more crucially dependent on membrane lipid damage.
KEYWORDS Na+K+ATPase, TBARS, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research,patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Review article
Ahlawat Babita1*,Kumar Ashok2,Navdha Chaudhary3
1 Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry,SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana
2 Associate Professor, Department of ENT,SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana
3 Senior Resident, Eklavaya Dental College, Kotputli, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Ahlawat Babita,
Flat no. 302; B-1 Block, Residential Campus, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat 122107, India
Article citation: Babita A, Ashok K,Navdha C. Development of oral habits and maturation of oral functions. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(12):932–935. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
At birth the neonate’s survival depends on instinctive sucking when lips and tongue are stimulated. Soon after, the mouth is used as the primary device for exploring the environment. When an object is placed in a baby’s hands or within his/her reach, the first thing the baby does is to put the item into his/her mouth, almost as if it is using the mouth to see this new environment. At the beginning the infant makes an effort by frequent learning and practice, later on the muscles start responding more readily. At the outset it takes a long time for the impulses to pass along the afferent nerves to the brain and back along the efferent nerves to the muscles involved. It has been stated that unconscious mental pattern of childhood develops from five sources, namely, instinct, insufficient or incorrect outlet to energy, pain or discomfort, abnormal physical size of parts, imitation of or imposition of others. The important physiologic functions of the oral cavity are respiration, swallowing, mastication and speech. Infants are obligatory nasal breathers but the mandible and tongue must be positioned away from the posterior pharyngeal wall for the airway to be patent. If nasal breathing becomes obstructed, oral breathing must commence. Therefore, respiratory needs are the primary determinant of mandibular posture and tongue position. As the child grows and motor skills develop, there is improved motor control of the tongue and oral musculature. There appears to be a gradient of oral function maturation from anterior to posterior. In addition, the infant develops the ability to control a bolus with lateral and anteroposterior movements. This improved oral motor control helps the child to handle changes in the consistency of their diet and enables them to control a bolus of food with increased skill.
KEYWORDS development of oral habits, maturation of oral function, nutritive sucking
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Review article
Pradeep Singh1,3, Ajmera Deepal Haresh2,3, Li Lifeng1,3, Xiao Shui Sheng1,3*
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
2Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing City,People’s Republic of China
3Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Xiao Shui Sheng,
Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, No 426, North Songshi Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147,People’s Republic of China
Article citation: Singh P, Ajmera DH, Li LF, Xiao SS. Art and science of conchal cartilage in secondary correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity: a review. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(12):946–953. Available at www.jpbms.info
Abstract:
Secondary cleft lip nasal deformity is a distinctive anomaly that persists to pose challenges for surgeons due to its multiplicity. It is a complex anomaly, and adequate correction requires considerable surgical experience and skills. Literature is replete with innumerable techniques for its correction, nevertheless there is no definite approach for restoring the harmony to facial distortions. Many authors have described various kinds of grafting techniques, and their respective indications. Auricular cartilage is one of them and sustains a significant role in the secondary nasal reconstruction. Conchal cartilage has been used in conjunction with various techniques for the correction of this deformity. Continued evaluation of the outcomes associated with earlier approaches has led us to the current state of knowledge with respect to conchal cartilage and its applications in secondary cleft lip nasal reconstruction as described in this review. Conchal cartilage’s adequate flexibility and adjustable thickness makes it a material of choice for various rhinoplasty techniques. This article limits itself to the role of conchal cartilage and its applications in secondary correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.
KEYWORDS secondary correction, unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity, conchal cartilage, auricular cartilage, secondary rhinoplasty
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have
been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Case Report
Sandhya Manorenj1*,Aditya Malladi1,Dinesh Alla2,Deepthi Punugunta1
1 Department of Neurology, ESIC Superspeciality Hospital, Sanathnagar,Hyderabad, India
2 Department of Radiology, ESIC Superspeciality Hospital, Sanath Nagar Hyderabad, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Sandhya Manorenj,
Neurologist and Head, Department of Neurology, Employee State Insurance Corporation, Superspeciality Hospital, Sanath Nagar, Hyderabad, India
Article citation: Manorenj S, Malladi A, Alla D, Punugunta D. An unusual case of recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome of a different subtype five years after initial diagnosis. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;5(12):976–979.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is generally considered to be monophasic, but recurrences do occur in some patients. We report a case of a 57-year-old male, hypertensive,euglycaemic with prior history of GBS 7 years ago, presented with ascending paraesthesia of all four limbs without prior antecedent infection, followed by subsequent quadriparesis,facial paresis, areflexia with reduced single breath count. Nerve conduction study showed sensory motor demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with evidence of conduction block.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed lymphocyte pleocytosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of spine with contrast showed spinal nerves, lumbar plexus roots and cauda equina root enhancement. He recovered from Hughes’s grade 4 to Hughes’s grade 2 following 5 days of intravenous immunoglobin treatment. Our case represents a recurrence of GBS of AIDP variant with lymphocyte predominant CSF pleocytosis, lumbar and cauda equina root enhancement and response to intravenous immunoglobin in a middle-aged male.
KEYWORDS recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome, lymphocyte pleocytosis, cauda equina root enhancement.
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents,and royalties through this collaborative research.All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Senior Resident,1 Associate Professor,3Senior Resident,4 and Professor & Head,7 Department of ENT, SHKM GMC, Nalhar,Mewat, Haryana, India
2 Professor and Head, Department of ENT, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa,Madhya Pradesh, India
5 Senior Resident, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Eklavya Dental College, Kotputli, Distt Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr Ashok Kumar,
Associate Professor,Department of ENT, Flat no. 302, B-1 Block, Residential Campus, SHKM GMC,Nalhar, Mewat 122107, Haryana, India
Article citation: Prasad S, Aggarwal A,Kumar A, Ahlawat B, Chaudhary N, Rozatkar A, Naik SM. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis: survival outcomes related to predefined parameters as variables. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015;05(12):988–993.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine outcomes and identify factors that may affect survival in patients with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS). Thirty patients of AIFRS were identified. The underlying reasons for immunosuppression were diabetes mellitus (19 patients), chronic renal failure (5 patients), leukemia (3 patients), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (2 patients) and post organ transplant (1 patient).
We have found the overall survival rate directly related to AIFRS to be 56.7%. The survival rate is higher for young patients (below 50 years age group), diabetic patients than for patients with other causes of immunosuppression, sufferers of mucormycosis than aspergillosis and those treated with liposomal Amphotricsin B as compared to conventional form in addition to surgical debridements. Intracranial and orbital involvement and failure to recover are the factors that led to poor prognosis in this series.
KEYWORDS acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, absolute neutrophil count, mucormycosis, aspergillosis
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest:
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents, and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.