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Original Article
Linda Yulianti1*, Kusmarinah Bramono2,Etik Mardliyati3, Hans-Joachim Freisleben4,5
1 Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia,Salemba Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia,Salemba Jakarta, Indonesia
3 Centre for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology,
4 Medical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Salemba Jakarta, Indonesia
5 German–Indonesian Medical Association(DIGM e. V.)
Address reprint requests to:
*Dr. Linda Yulianti, MD, Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia,Salemba Jakarta, Indonesia
Article citation: Yulianti L, Bramono K, Mardliyati E, Freisleben HJ. Effects of Centella asiatica ethanolic extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles on proliferation activity of skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, type I and III collagen synthesis and aquaporin 3 expression in vitro. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):315–327.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background The activity of skin cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and skin hydration decrease with the process of aging; therefore, the skin looks dull, dry and sagging.
Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is a key protein that plays a major role in skin cell proliferation and skin hydration. Retinoic acid (RA) is still considered for anti-aging treatment, but it frequently shows side effects, such as skin irritation. Centella asiatica (CA) formulation in chitosan nanoparticles has a promising potential as anti-aging cosmetic.
Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CA ethanolic extract encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CAEE + CNP) on skin cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and AQP3 expression in vitro, when compared to RA.
Methods Microculture tetrazolium assay was conducted to analyse the proliferation of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) at 24, 48 and 72 h. Type I and III collagen synthesis was evaluated at the same time points using ELISA. Aquaporin 3 expression at 24 h was evaluated using immunocytochemistry and measured quantitatively using ImageJ software. All treatments involved several concentrations of CAEE + CNP and RA through serial dilution.
Results Collagen type I and III synthesis of NHDF and NHEK was neither significantly different from untreated controls nor from RA-treated cells. Nevertheless, CAEE + CNP
stimulated the proliferation of both NHDF and NHEK. Additionally, AQP3 expression in both cell types was upregulated by CAEE + CNP.
Conclusion CAEE + CNP is a promising formulation for anti-aging activity by inducing skin cell proliferation and AQP3 expression. The clinical trials are still needed to evaluate skin hydration in vivo.
Keywords aquaporin 3, Centella asiatica, chitosan nanoparticles, collagen, fibroblasts,hydration, keratinocytes, proliferation
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None.
Acknowledgment: The authors wish to thank Dani, IntanRazari, Ita and Labibah for laboratory assistance and Indra Kusuma for the cell cultures of NHDF and NHEK.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research.
All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Research article
Chaopeng Wang1,Guangming Chen1,Jiefang Wang1,Hengrui Liu1, Yinquan Xiong1,Panpan Wang2, Li Yang1,Xiaofeng Zhu2,Ronghua Zhang1*
1 Jinan University College of Pharmacy,Guangzhou 510632, China
2 First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
Address reprint requests to
*Ronghua Zhang, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
Article citation: Wang C, Chen G, Wang J, Liu H, Xiong Y, Wang P, Yang L, Zhu X,Zhang R. Effect of Herba Epimedium extract on bone mineral density and microstructure in ovariectomised rat. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):275–278.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Aim To observe the effects of Herba Epimedium (HE) extract on bone mineral density(BMD) and microstructure in ovariectomised (OVX) rat.
Methods A total of 84 female Sprague–Dawley rats of 3-month-old were randomly divided into OVX group (n = 70) and sham group (n = 14). The osteoporotic model was established by ovariectomy. Twelve weeks after ovariectomy, when the osteoporosis (OP) was successfully affirmed by the BMD, the rats in OVX group was randomly divided into OVX group (n = 14),low-dose HE group (n = 14), middle-dose HE group (n = 14), high-dose HE group (n = 14) and positive group (n = 14). The BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray. The microstructure of the bone was observed by micro‑computed tomography.
Results Twelve weeks after ovariectomy, the BMD of femur of rats in OVX group was significantly lower than that of in sham group (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the
BMD of femurs of rats in HE and positive groups were significantly higher than that in OVX group (P < 0.05), also the bone microstructure of rats in HE group has been recovered as the positive group.
Conclusion HE has strong therapeutical effect on OP, can improve the BMD and microstructure of bones.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81473509), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81503384), the Cultivation and Innovation Fund for Scientific Research of Jinan University Youth Fund Project (no. 21612341) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21614309).
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the
official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Original article
Shanmugasamy K1Sujata Mallick1,Rajendra S. Dhaka1*,Koteeswaran G1,Dhananjay S. Kotasthane1,Seetesh Ghose2
1 Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, 607402, India
2 Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, 607402, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Rajendra S. Dhaka, MD PhD, Professor of Pathology Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, 607402, India
Article citation: Shanmugasamy K, Mallick S, Dhaka RS, Koteeswaran G, Kotasthane DS, Ghose S. Cytomorphological evaluation of 1,000 cases of unhealthy cervix to assess present role of Pap smear screening in developing country. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):269–274.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Introduction Last few decades saw a Pap smear becoming synonymous with early detection of cervical carcinoma, leading to its rapid decline worldwide. However, newer screening modalities like liquid cytology have been embraced by the developed world. The relevance of the Pap smear in developing countries like India needs to be evaluated.
Objectives To assess the risk factors associated with cervical carcinoma. To correlate cyto-clinical–histopathological findings in the unhealthy cervix by Pap smear to determine its validity and feasibility.
Materials and Methods Pap smears from 1,000 patients who presented in the Gynaecology department with the unhealthy cervix (discharge, bleeding or signs like erosion were clinically grouped as unhealthy) from December 2011 to May 2013 were enrolled in the study. Risk factors for cervical carcinoma were taken into consideration. The cytological results were correlated with the clinical findings and compared to the biopsy results.
Results A total of 114 patients presented with epithelial cell abnormalities in cervical smears, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL 4.4%) being the most common lesion. Risk factors for malignancy showed significant association with epithelial cell abnormality (P = 0.05%). Cervical smears showing epithelial cell abnormality were significantly associated with the clinical findings like discharge (P = 0.001), erosion (P-value = 0.002) and unhealthy looking cervix (P-value = 0.028). Pap smear showed 59.4% sensitivity, a positive predictive value of 95.4 and 55.9% concordance with the biopsy.
Conclusion Pap smear has moderate sensitivity and high specificity. The feasibility and cost effectiveness of Pap smear to detect cervical cancer in the presence of significant risk factors and unhealthy symptoms makes it an effective screening procedure in the developing countries with limited resources and infrastructure.
KEYWORDS pap smear, cervical carcinoma, unhealthy cervix
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Statement of originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Sources of funding: None.
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the study.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Review article
Supriya S. Shidhaye,Bhagyashri Surendra Parab*,Ruchi Singh
Department of Pharmaceutics, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy,
Chembur, Mumbai, India
Address reprint requests to
*Ms. Bhgayashri Surendra Parab,
3/304, Indraprastha Bldg., Opp. Jai Hind Talkies, Lalbaug, Mumbai, 400012, India
Article citation: Shidhaye SS, Parab BS,Singh R. Current trends in biosimilars. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016;06(05):286–292.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Recombinant technology has brought a wide availability of the treatment options for many life-threatening diseases. Consistent with the great inventions in the area of biotechnology, biopharmaceuticals have become the fastest growing area of the pharmaceutical industry.
The recent expiration of many innovator biopharmaceutical products has triggered the development of alternate versions of originators biologic drugs. Unlike generic drugs, these new biological products are not the identical copies of innovator products. Thus, these alternate versions are referred to as ‘follow-on biologics’ or ‘biosimilar drugs’. Slight changes in starting materials or modification in the manufacturing processes have significant impact on the final structure of the biologic molecule. Thus, the exact structure of the originator’s biologic molecule cannot be duplicated. This makes these biosimilars very unique molecules necessitating the need for elaborate characterisation and consistent pharmacovigilance.
KEYWORDS recombinant technology, biosimilars, biopharmaceutical products
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