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Research article:- Harika K, Sunitha K, Pavan Kumar P, Arjun N and Madhusudan Rao Y*
Department of Pharmaceutics, National facilities in Engineering and Technology with Industrial Collaboration (NAFETIC) centre, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal – 506 009, A.P. India.
Abstract:-The intention of present study was to practice and evaluate fast disintegrating tablets containing antihypertensive drug i.e., Perindopril ter-butyl amine in a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to accomplish better patient compliance. This study emphasizes on the various processes (wet granulation, compression granulation, direct compression and freeze drying techniques) adopted for the fabrication of fast disintegrating tablets, effect of superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium at three levels and other additives like microcrystalline cellulose, sodium stearyl fumarate in different proportions on in–vitro and in-vivo disintegration time, wetting time and water absorption ratio. The tablets were tested for taste, weight and thickness variation, hardness, uniformity of dosage units, in-vitro and in-vivo disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release. The in‐vitro release of Perindopril was performed under sink conditions (0.1N HCl, 37±0.5 ºC, rpm 50) using USP TYPE -II dissolution apparatus. Results from taste evaluation in human volunteers revealed that the FDTs with taste-improved formulations containing aspartame had significantly enhanced palatability, improved mouth feel and reduced grittiness. The best in-vitro and in-vivo disintegration time (DT) was achieved with the formulation containing crospovidone and freeze dried formulation was found to be 20sec & 10sec and 28sec & 11sec, respectively. The results revealed that the tablets prepared by freeze drying method had a good dissolution profile with more than 90% of drug release within 30sec. Next to freeze drying method, formulation (P8) with 4% crospovidone showed complete drug release at the end of 3min. DSC and FT-IR studies did not show any evidence of interaction between the drug and the excipients although when formulated in various formulation methods. The stability studies showed that optimized formulation was considered to be highly stable.
Key words : Fast disintegrating tablets; freeze drying; Perindopril ter-butyl amine; superdisintegrants.
Research article:- *Anil Kumar1, Devika Tripathi1, Jyotsna Dora1, Rishikant tripathi.
Pharmacy College, Itaura, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh, U.P., India.
Abstract:- Eugenia Jambolana, an important medicinal plant, commonly known as Jamun and belongs to the family Myrtaceae. The plant is found throughout in India. The present investigation, the various Pharmacognostical standard have been generated, so that authentic plant material could to explore for its therapeutic claims. The detailed Pharmacognostical studies of Eugenia Jambolana leaf is carried out which could be useful in future experimental studies. The study includes microscopic parts of Eugenia Jambolana leaf.
Keywords:- Eugenia Jambolana, Pharmacognostical studies.
Research article:- * Gupta R1, Singla R.K2.
1.Senior Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, 151203 Punjab, India.
2.Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar-143001, Punjab, India.
Abstract :- Introduction: Anatomical stenosis of lumbar canal has been attributed as a cause of spinal stenosis syndrome. It may be developmental or acquired i.e. from ageing, injury, disease or spinal operations. Diagnosis of developmental spinal stenosis is based on the measurements of the bony spinal canal. A stenosis, which may produce compression of caudal nerve roots in the absence of other compressive agents, occurs with midsagittal diameter of 10mm or less. A reduced interpedicular distance has also been blamed to cause primary narrowing of spinal canal. Material and methods: The material for present study comprised of 30 human adult male thoracolumbar vertebral columns. Shape of vertebral foramen was observed. Four parameters viz. Cephalic, and caudal anteroposterior diameters (A.P.), transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, transverse diameter of vertebral body along its waist were measured and canal to body ratio was calculated. Results: The shape of neural canal was found to be oval in thoracic and triangular in lumbar region. Cephalic & caudal A.P. diameters increased from T1to T12 and then decreased upto L3-L4 being maximum at T12 and L1 which may be attributed to lumbar enlargement of spinal cord lying at this level. However, the transverse diameter showed an initial decline till T3 and then remained constant till T7. Thereafter, it increased gradually till L5. It was seen that while A.P. diameters increased upto L1,L2 levels only, the transverse diameter increased upto L5 which is explained by the fact that caudal to L1,L2, there lies cauda equina whose nerves may be going laterally to their respective intervertebral foramina for exit thus increasing transverse diameter of neural canal. Transverse diameter of vertebral body along the waist showed an initial decline till T4 and then increased constantly till L5.Canal to body ratio was found to be constant (0.6+0.06) at all the levels.
Keywords:- Anteroposterior diameters, Neural canal, Spinal stenosis, Transverse diameters, Vertebral body.
Research article:- * Rahul Nair 1, Sevukarajan.M 1, Ravi Kumar.
1.Department Of Pharmaceutics, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy,A.Rangampet, Tirupathi, Andhrapradesh, India.
Abstract :- The main objective of this study was to investigate polymorphic behavior of rizatriptan benzoate (RTB) The polymorphs were prepared by solvent evaporation method, by using various solvents like Polyvinyl pyrrolidine ,Tween 80 , Methanol and Polyethylene glycol .We have prepared four different polymorphs of RTB (Form I, Form II, Form III and Form IV). RTB polymorphs were characterized by infra-red absorption spectrum, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and dissolution studies. It was observed that there was a significant change in the melting point between Form I and Form II when compared with RTB. Rizatriptan benzoate polymorphs prepared with TW 80 showed better dissolution. The mechanism of drug release was analyzed using zero order, first order, Peppas and, Hixson-Crowell models.
Key words:- Rizatriptan Benzoate, Polymorphs, Dissolution profiles
Research article:- *Abeysinghe Pushpa D. 1 and Weeraddana Chaminda De S.2.
1Ph.D, 2 M. Sc. Department of Botany, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
Abstract:-The secondary metabolites of the young leaves of Avicennia marina were obtained by sequential Soxhlet extracts with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water as solvents. Antibacterial activity against antibiotic resistance and pathogenic bacterial species of Staphylococcus and Proteus was screened by agar diffusion technique and paper disk method. The extracts exhibited different degree of growth inhibition against tested bacterial strains. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity while water extract did not show any growth inhibition. The extracts of A. marina when purified with activated charcoal showed more inhibition than the untreated extracts. Components of young leaf extracts were separated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results of TLC analysis of petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate and ethanol Soxhlet extracts of A. marina may be a mixture of 4, 8, 4 and 4 respectively. The results of the two dimensional TLC analysis for the chloroform extract isolated from the Soxhlet plant extracts of A. marina may be a mixture of twenty components. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were fractionated using column chromatography and obtained fourteen, seven and seven fractions respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed that young leaf of A. marina contained alkaloids, steroids. Phytochemical screening of Soxhlet extracts of chloroform contained alkaloids and steroids/triterpenoids. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extract contained steroids/ triterpenoids and alkaloids respectively. Chemical tests revealed that fractions obtained from column chromatography of chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol extracts contained carbonyl groups and chloroform extract contained phenolic groups.
Key Words:- Antibacterial activity, A. marina, extracts, growth inhibition metabolites, TLC