DocumentsDate added
Research article
Uma R.1*,Vidya R.1 & Meera Rani Nayak2
Affiliation:-
1Associate professor,2Assistant professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital,chennai,#7, Works Road, Chromepet, Chennai - 600 044.Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract:
Epidural catheters even after safe insertion & efforts to secure to skin surface they may migrate inward or outward leading to various complications & inadequate analgesia.
Methods: This randomised prospective study was conducted in 75 postoperative surgical patients in whom catheters are kept for at least 48 to 72 hrs for post-op analgesia. Comparing the three types of dressings commonly practiced in our hospital ( Gr 1- Tegaderm dressing only, Gr 2- Tegaderm dressing over sterile gauze, Gr 3- Tegaderm dressing over sterile IV dressing ) and their effect on catheter migration. The amount of catheter migration was noted in 3 groups and the results were analysed.
Results: There was significantly more migration in group 1 as compared to group 2 and 3, but group 3 had the added advantage that the dressing was transparent and hence earlier detection of migration was a possibility.
Key words: Epidural catheter migration; post operative analgesia; dressing techniques.
References:
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2.Burns SM, Cowa CM, Barclay PM, Wilkes RG.Intrapartum epidural catheter migration: a comparative study of three dressing applications.Br J Anaesth. 2001 Apr;86(4):565-7.Pubmed
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Article citation:-
Uma R.,Vidya R.& Rani Meera Nayak. Effect of various types of catheter fixation techniques on epidural catheter migration. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 August; 33(33): 1524-1526.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Uma R.,Vidya R.& Rani Meera Nayak. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:
*1Ambica Khetarpal,2Sarika Chaudhary,3Rakesh Sharma,
4Sangeeta Talwar, & 5Mahesh Verma
Affiliation:
1Senior Research Associate,2Associate Professor, 4Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, 3Senior Research Associate, Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery,5Director-principal, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi – 110002 Delhi, India.
Abstract:
Extrusion of an endodontic filling material can be a consequence of apical transportation or over-enlargement of the apical root canal because of over-instrumentation. Suspicion of endodontic material extrusion after acute endodontic pain on a dental intervention should favour early diagnosis and prompt management, reducing the risk of permanent tissue damage. Endodontically overfilled canals that remain symptomatic may require apical surgery for resolution. The aim of this paper is to report a surgical management of case of endodontic filling material extrusion into the periapical area using novabone a bone graft material and biodentine as a retrofilling material.
Key words: endodontic procedurals errors; surgical; Biodentine; Novabone; extrusion.
References:
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Article citation:-
Khetarpal Ambica, Chaudhary Sarika,Sharma Rakesh,Talwar Sangeeta, Verma Mahesh. Surgical management of a case of severely extruded endodontic filling material using Novabone and Biodentin. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 August; 33(33): 1486-1490.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Khetarpal Ambica, Chaudhary Sarika,Sharma Rakesh,Talwar Sangeeta,Verma Mahesh. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
*1Padiyath Sreeshma,2Hemachandra Champa,3Rao Padmaraj Sunil
& 4Kotigadde Subbannayya
Affiliation:-
1,2Assistant Professor, 4Professor, Department of Microbiology, K. V. G. Medical College & Hospital, Sullia, D.K., Karnataka- 574 327, India.
3Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
Author’s contributions-All the authors have contributed to this paper.
Abstract:
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of nosocomial infections. When multidrug resistant P.aeruginosa infections are suspected, early and appropriate antimicrobial drug therapy is crucial due to limited therapeutic options.
Aim: The present study was undertaken to detect extended spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β- lactamase and metallo β- lactamase (MBL) production in P. aeruginosa isolates.
Materials and Methods: A total of fifty (n=50) P.aeruginosa strains isolated from various clinical samples, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility testing as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. ESBL production was detected by double disc synergy test and CLSI phenotypic confirmatory test. Detection of inducible AmpC β-lactamase was performed by disc antagonism test, plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamase by AmpC disc test and modified three dimensional test. MBL was detected by disc potentiation test.
Results: Out of the 50 isolates of P.aeruginosa, 25 (50%) were found to be ESBL producers by CLSI phenotypic confirmatory test but double disc synergy test failed to detect these. Eight (16%) isolates were MBL producers. All isolates were resistant to cefoxitin (100%), of which 24 (48%) isolates revealed the presence of inducible AmpC β-lactamase. 13 (26%) isolates showed the coexistence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase and two (4%) of the isolates were coproduced ESBL and MBL.
Conclusion: Our study revealed production of β-lactamases in many isolates. Hence we suggest that all resistant strains should be routinely screened for different kinds of β-lactamase production so as to restrict their spread in the hospital and community.
Key words: AmpC β- lactamase, Drug resistance, Extended spectrum β- lactamase, Metallo β- lactamase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Padiyath Sreeshma,Hemachandra Champa,Rao Padmaraj Sunil & Kotigadde Subbannayya. Detection of Extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and Metallo β-lactamase in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 August; 33(33): 1506-1515.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Padiyath Sreeshma,Hemachandra Champa,Rao Padmaraj Sunil & Kotigadde Subbannayya. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Research article
Dalal Nasser Eldin ElKaffash1 , Aymen Abdel Hay2 ,Nermine Hossam Zakaria1* & Mounir Elhag 4
Affiliation:-
1Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
2Cardiology Department Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
3Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
4Resident in Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Abstract:
Warfarin is the therapeutic drug of choice for treatment and maintenance of anticoagulation therapy. The dosage required to achieve the therapeutic effect varies between individuals. These differences in drug response and the narrow therapeutic window lead to increased risk of life threatening hemorrhagic adverse events. The standard treatment monitoring is the international normalized ratio (INR).Warfarin activity is determined by polymorphisms in CYP29C and VKORC1 genes. The CYP2C9 gene encodes enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of Warfarin to inactive metabolites. Polymorphisms of CYP2C9 includes the variant alleles *2 and *3; which have decreased enzymatic activity than the wild type CYP2C9*1. When Warfarin is given to patients with*2or*3variants it will be metabolized less efficiently and will remain in circulation longer, so lower Warfarin doses will be needed to achieve anticoagulation.VKORC1gene encodes the molecular target of coumarin type anticoagulant, vitamin Kepoxide reductase (VKORC1).It recycles vitamin K 2, 3 epoxide to vitamin K hydroquinone, which functions as the essential cofactor for the carboxylation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X; proteins C, S. In the VKORC1 1639 single nucleotide polymorphism, the common G allele is replaced by the A allele. Because A allele produce less VKORC1 than do those with the G allele, lower Warfarin doses are needed to inhibit VKORC1 and to produce an anticoagulant effect. The aim of this study was to assess CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms among Egyptian patients on chronic Warfarin therapy and determine its relation to Warfarin dosing protocol; study the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 alleles and genotypes frequency among sample of Egyptian patients.Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on forty Egyptian male patients on stable Warfarin dose with a stable INR within the therapeutic range of 2.0 - 3.0.The CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes were determined by PCR amplification reverse hybridization technique. Results: The frequency of CYP2C9 genotypes were; 65% for *1/*1, 10% for*1/*2. 15% for *1/*3, 5% for *2/*2 and 5% for*3/*3, genotype *2/*3 was not detected among studied patients. CYP2C9 alleles frequencies were; 77.5% for *1 allele, 10% for *2 allele and 12.5% for *3 allele. VKORC1 AA frequency was 7.5%, AG 65% and GG 27.5%. VKORC1 allele frequency: VKORC1 G allele 60% and VKORC1 A allele 40%. For CYP2C9 and Warfarin dose; the majority of low dose responders 76.9% was made by CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C9*2 while CYP2C9*1 made the rest 23.1%. In the intermediate dose responders, CYP2C9*1made 78.6% and CYP2C9*2 made 21.4%, and in high dose responder the CYP2C9*1 made 100%. As VKORC1 genotypes and Warfarin dose; the majority of low dose responders 76.9% was made by AG, while VKORC1 AA made 23,1%. In the intermediate dose responders, VKORC1 GG made 28.6%, AG made71.4% and AA not detected .in high dose responder the VKORC1 GG made 54.6 %, AG made 45.4% and AA not detected. For CYP2C9/VKORC1 haplotypes and Warfarin dose our findings was as follows: In group I low dose responder (Warfarin dose < 4 mg / day) *1/*3/AG haplotype made 38.5% ,*3/*3/AG haplotype made 15.4% ,*1/*1/AG haplotype made 15.4% and haplotypes *1/*1/AA, *1/*2/AG, *1/*3/AA and*2/*2/AA made 7.7% for each. In group II intermediate dose responders *1/*1/AG made 57.1%,*1/*1/GG 21.4%,*1/*2/AG 14.3% and *1/*2/GG made 7.1%. In High dose responders Haplotype *1/*1/GG made 63.6% and *1/*1/AG 36.4%. Conclusions: CYP2C9 common variant alleles CYP29C*2 and CYP29C*3 were detected in this study sample. CYP29C*2 frequency was comparable with Caucasians, while CYP29C*3 was higher. CYP29C*2 and CYP29C*3 were associated with lower mean daily doses of Warfarin than CYP2C9*1 wild type. VKORC1 mutant A and wild type G alleles were detected in a frequency similar to Caucasian. People with VKORC1 mutant allele A in the present study was associated with lower Warfarin doses than wild type G. Polymorphism in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes significantly affect individual response to Warfarin therapy, and could explain some of interindividual variations in Warfarin therapy.
Key words: Warfarin, vitamin Kepoxide reductase (VKORC1), INR; International Normalized Ratio, PCR amplification reverse hybridization technique.
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Article citation:-
Dalal Nasser Eldin ElKaffash,Aymen Abdel Hay,Nermine Hossam Zakaria & Mounir Elhag Role of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphism in dose dependent Warfarin therapy management. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 August; 33(33): 1468-1485.Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 Dalal Nasser Eldin ElKaffash,Aymen Abdel Hay,Nermine Hossam Zakaria & Mounir Elhag. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Mini Review
1 J.Paulin Vijay Chandran, 2 C.Saravana Bharathi, 3DMello Kuldeep, *4 Babaji Prashant, 5 Lau Himani, & 6 Nair Divya
Affiliation:-
1Reader, Department of Prasthodontics, Rajas Dental College, Kavalkinaru, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Senior lecturer,Department of Oral medicine & Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College, Annamalia University, Chidamberam, Tamilnadu, India.
3Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur-342001, Rajasthan, India.
4Associate professor, Department Pedodontics, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
5Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maharana Pratap Dental College, Gwalior, India.
6Senior Lecturer, Dept of Oral Pathology, Gardian College of Dental Sciences, Ambernath, Maharastra, India
Abstract:
Air abrasion is a part of minimally invasive procedure. I is used for removal of dental caries without using a dental drill. It is a painless, noise less procedure which doesn’t requires anesthesia. This technology uses abrasive materials to remove tooth structure.
Keywords: Air abrasion; microdentistry; aluminium oxide; conservative cavity operation.
References:
1.Rao SP, Kumar PM, Kumar NK, Sandya PS. Drill-less Dentistry-The new air abrasion technology. Indian Journal of Dental Advancements. 2011;3(3):598-601. [Link]
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4.Farooq I, Imran Z, Farooq U. Air abrasion: Truly minimally invasive technique. International Journal of Prosthetic and Restorative Dentistry.2011;1(2):105-107.
5.Goldstein RE, Parkins FM. Air abrasive technology: Its new role in restorative dentistry. JADA 1994; Vol 125:551-557.
6.Christensen GJ. Air abrasion tooth cutting: state of the art .1998.J Am dent Assoc 1998; 129:484-485. [Pubmed]
Article citation:-
Babaji P et al. Air abrasion: Application in dentistry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 August; 33(33): 1599-1601. Available at http://www.jpbms.info
Copyright © 2013 G. Babaji P et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.