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Research article
Babafemi, E. O.1, David, O. M.1, Oluduro, A. O.2 and Famurewa, O.1,*
Affiliation:-
1Department of Microbiology University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, ObafemiAwolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to
Famurewa, O.
Department of Microbiology Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Article citation: Babafemi EO, David OM, Oluduro AO, Famurewa O. Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among hospitalized patients and apparently healthy individuals in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(11):1025-1030. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized patients and apparently healthy individuals was investigated in two western states of Nigeria using standard microbiological methods. One thousand and two hundred non-repeat isolates of S. aureus were recovered from the subjects. At varying degrees the isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole (54.8%), augmentin (36.9%), pefloxacin (35.9%), gentamycin (28.3%), erythromycin (24.9%), vancomycin (10.3%), ofloxacin (5.2%) and ciprofloxacin (0.3%). One hundred and fifty six (13.0%) were resistant to methicillin out of which 4.8% and 8.2% were from healthy individuals and patients respectively. There was no correlation between prevalence of MRSA and age or sex (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the antibiotic resistance pattern in MRSA from healthy volunteers and patients (P < 0.05). A total of 9.0%, 12.2% and 21.2% of the MRSA were resistant to 3, 4 and 5 antibiotics respectively. Antibacterial activities of five biocides examined using agar diffusion method showed that 38.5%, 53.2%, 59.6%, 61.5% and 71.8% of the MRSA were not inhibited by Izal®, Morigad®, Septol®, Dettol® and Purit® respectively, at concentrations two times higher than the in-use concentration. This finding points to the fact that MRSA occurs among patients and in the communities in the study areas, which calls for a public health concern and awareness.
KEYWORDS: Hospital-acquired MRSA; community acquired MRSA; biocides, epidemiology; multiple antibiotic resistance.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © Babafemi EO, David OM, Oluduro AO, Famurewa O. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Wisam R. Hassan1,*,Haydar F. AL-Tukmagi1,Osamah T. Muslim2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,AL-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of AL-Qadisyia, AL-Qadisyia, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2.Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,AL-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of AL-Qadisyia, AL-Qadisyia, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
Wisam R. Hassan.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Article citation:
Hassan WR, Al-Tukmagi HF, Muslim OT. Efficacy of a 10 Days course of levofloxacin based therapy after Failure of sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Iraqi Patients. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(11):1031-1038. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) is one of the most important risk factors of Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer. The success rate of triple therapy (TT) has been declined during the last decade , sequential therapy (ST)has been proposed as an alternative to the TT regimen. A 10 days levofloxacin-based therapy(LBT) constitutes an encouraging second-line strategy after failure of ST.
The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy and tolerability of LBT after failure of (ST), also measuring the cumulative eradication rate of both regimens.
A prospective, open-label randomized clinical trial on 86 patients who had active H. Pylori infection with various gastrointestinal symptoms. The second line LBT was given after failure of the first line ST, bacterial eradication was examined 4-8weeks after treatment by using a fecal antigen test (FAT). The result was 20 patients after ST failure, only 19 patients enrolled to take LBT. The eradication rate(ER) of per-protocol and intention-to-treat for second line was 84.21% (16/19, 95% C.I 68%-100.1%) for both genders without significant difference (p=0.76) between males and females, cumulative eradication rates were 94.86% and 95.95% for both intention-to-treat and per-protocol, respectively. Compliance to the second line was 100% and adverse effects were mostly mild (36.84%) to moderate (10.56%), with little sever (5.26%) that had no effect on completion of treatment. It is concluded that a 10 days levofloxacin based therapy constitutes an encouraging second line regimen after failure of sequential therapy, with a high compliance and low adverse effects and yield a high cumulative eradication rate in clinical practice.
KEYWORDS: H. Pylori; levofloxacin; sequential therapy.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript
Copyright © 2014 Hassan WR, Al-Tukmagi HF, Muslim OT. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sharmila 1 MD (OBG), Sendhil Coumary.A1* MD, DNB, MNAMS (OBG), Lopamudra B John1† MD, DNB (OBG), Seetesh Ghose 1¥ MD, FICOG
Affiliation:-
1Assisstant Professor, *1Professor, 1†Associate Professor, 1¥Professor And Head Of Department, Department Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College And Research Institute Pillaiyarkuppam Puducherry- 607402, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Sendhil Coumary. A,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College And Research Institute, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India-607402
Article citation:
Sharmila ,Coumary SA,John LB,Ghose S. Effectiveness of Intravenous Iron Sucrose among SouthIndian Antenatal Women. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(09):936-940. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose among south indian antenatal women with moderate iron deficiency anaemia in the second trimester not responding to oral iron.
Methods: The study was a prospective interventional study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at MGMCRI, Pondicherry, South India. During a study period of 18 months starting from December 2011, a total of 61 antenatal women were included in the study. 32 received intravenous iron sucrose in divided doses, as they did not respond well to oral iron. Haemoglobin, PCV and serum ferritin were measured before and after intra venous sucrose. The results were tabulated and analysed.
Results: After oral iron therapy the mean haemoglobin was 8.97 ± 0.80 gm%, the mean PCV was 28.16 ± 2.6, and the mean serum ferritin was 13.32 ± 2.49 micrograms respectively. After IV iron sucrose therapy the mean haemoglobin was 10.15 ± 0.36, the mean PCV was 31.5± 2.10 and the mean serum ferritin was 44.09± 7.02 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the rise of mean haemoglobin, PCV and serum ferritin after therapy with iron sucrose. There were no significant side effects related to intravenous iron sucrose therapy.
Conclusion: Iron sucrose is safe and effective without any serious side effects in correcting the iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy among those who are not responding or intolerant to oral iron.
KEYWORDS: Iron sucrose; iron deficiency anemia; antenatal women.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
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Copyright © 2014 Sharmila ,Coumary SA,John LB,Ghose S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report
Shiddalingesh Salimath* Janaki Torvi. R., S G S Rajesh Reddy .V.
Affiliation:-
Department of Pharmacology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Pharmacology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr.Shiddalingesh Salimath.
Department of Pharmacology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
Article citation: Salimath S, Torvi. RJ, Reddy SGS Rajesh V. Doxycycline Induced fixed drug eruption. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(11):1011-1013. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Fixed drug eruption (FDE) represents the most common cutaneous adverse drug reaction in Indian patients, accounting for 30% of all cutaneous adverse drug reactions. More than 100 drugs, including Doxycycline have been implicated in causing FDEs. The most common drugs causing FDE are Antibiotics (trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, penicillin, and erythromycin), followed by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs; Diclofenac Sodium, Aspirin, Naproxen, and Ibuprofen). One large study of 450 patients revealed male to female ratio for FDE is 1:1.1. This is a case of 29year old male patient presenting to skin OPD with complaints of erythematous skin rashes associated with burning & itching sensation. The patient stated that these lesions had appeared within a few hours of taking a single dose of oral Doxycycline 500mg for a hordeolum externum. A diagnosis of FDE to Doxycycline was made and the patient was told to stop the offending agent and was started on oral antihistamines (Tab cetrizine) and topical steroid cream (mometasone). FDE from doxycycline is a rare occurrence. When it does occur, it is often misdiagnosed. Physicians should be aware of this condition in order to prevent future recurrences as it causes a lot of cosmetic and physical discomfort to the patient.
KEYWORDS: Fixed drug eruption; doxycycline.
REFERENCES
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © Salimath S,cTorvi. RJ, Reddy SGS Rajesh V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
HG Hamza*, Z K Mohammed, A A Adullahi and T B Kingimi
Affiliation:-
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Science University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Science University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
Address reprint requests to
Dr.HG Hamza
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Science University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069 Maiduguri, Nigeria
Article citation:
Hamza HG, Mohammed ZK, Adullahi AA, Kingimi TB. Antioxidant potentials of crude extracts of Gueirra sengalensis Leaves on CCL4 induced oxidative stress in Albino rat. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2014; 04(11):941-945. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
Background: There is increasing recognition that many of today’s diseases are due to the “oxidative stress” that results from an imbalance between the formation and neutralization of reactive molecules such as reactive oxygen species(ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).
Aim: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Gueirra senegalensis leaves, a plant which is routinely used in ethonomedicinal practice for the treatment and management of most common ailments in this part of the world.
Methods: The anti oxidative effect of extracts of Guierra senegalensis (500mg per kgbodyweight) on carbon tetrachloride induce oxidative stress in rats was tested using spectrophotometric method to measure rate of decomposition of H2O2 and estimation of thiobarbituric acid reducing substance. The extracts effects were compared with standard drug (Silymarin 140mg per kg body weight).
Results: CCl4 intoxication induced a marked increase in TBARS level (P<0.05) and a significant reduction of catalase activity (P<0.05), the extract at the dose of 500mg per kg body weight significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated the deviation caused by CCl4 induced oxidative stress.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of G. senegalensis showed protective abilities against CCl4 induced oxidative stress in rats.
KEYWORDS: Antioxidant; Gueirra senegalensis; Oxidative stress.
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Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2014 Hamza HG, Mohammed ZK, Adullahi AA, Kingimi TB. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.