March 2015;05(10) issue of the J Pharm Biomed Sci.
DocumentsDate added
Research article
Neeru Bhaskar1,Shikhaa Mahajan2,*,Harnam Kaur3, Ishaq Sheikh4, Sunita Manhas5
Affiliation:
1Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
2Assistant professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
3Professor & Head, Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College Faridabad Haryana, India
4Demonstrator, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
5Assistant professor, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
2.Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College Faridabad Haryana,India
3.Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Shikhaa Mahajan.
Assistant Professor,
Department of Biochemistry,
Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
Article citation:
Bhaskar N, Mahajan S, Kaur H, Sheikh I, Manhas S. Assessment of electrolyte variance and anion gap in pre-eclampsia. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):250-254. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition that contributes substantially to perinatal morbidity and mortality of both mother and newborn. Its exact etiology is not known, but it may be associated with alteration in electrolyte status.
Aims: To study serum sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and anion gap in pre-eclamptic and normal pregnant females.
Settings and design: Hospital based cross-sectional study
Material and methods: 100 pregnant women of age ≥ 20 years attending the gynaecology and obstetrics clinic were selected for the study and were divided into two groups of 50 patients each:- Group-I (control): Normotensive healthy primigravida women and Group-II (cases): Pre-eclampticprimigravida women.
Statistical analysis used: The data obtained was compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 11. Means were calculated and t-test was applied to find out significance level.
Results: Mean weight and blood pressurewere significantly higher for the pre-eclamptic group than for the normal pregnant group. Significant increase (p≤ 0.001) in sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate, non significant decrease in potassium, and non significant increase in anion- gap was seen in pre-eclamptic as compared to normal pregnant females.
Conclusion: As electrolyte levels are significantly altered in pre-eclamptic, we suggest that along with the electrolyte profile, anion gap should also be used in the evaluation of pre-eclamptic patients so that it helps the clinicians to prevent pre-eclamptic patients land up in metabolic acidosis.
KEYWORDS: Anion gap; Bicarbonate; Chloride; Pre-eclampsia; Potassium; Sodium.
REFERENCES
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6.Kashyap MK, Saxena SV, Khullar M, Sawhney H, Vasishta K. Role of anion gap and different electrolytes in hypertension during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia). Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 282:157-67.
7.Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap LC III, Wenstrom KD. Williams obstetrics. 22nded. New York: McGraw-Hill;2005:761-808.
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9.Hayashi M, Ueda Y, Hoshimoto K, Ota Y, Fukasawa I, Sumori K, et al. Changes in urinary excretion of six biochemical parameters in normotensive pregnancy and preeclampsia. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39: 392-400.
10.Durst RA, Andersen OS. Electrochemistry. In :Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, editors. Teitz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. 5th ed., Philadelphia : Saunders; 2002.pp.104-20.
11.Kraut JA, Madias NE. Serum Anion Gap: Its Uses and Limitations in Clinical Medicine. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2:162–74.
12.Farzin L, Sajadi F. Comparison of serum trace element levels in patients with or without pre-eclampsia. J Res Med Sci 2012;17(10):938–41.
13.Ibraheem NJ, Obiade DS. Serum calcium level and some physiological markers during Pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancy in Babylon province women. Magazin of Al-Kufa University for Biology 2013;5(2).
14.Sunitha T, Sameera K, Umaramani G. Study of Biochemical changes in Preeclamptic women. International Journal of Biological & Medical Research 2012;3(3):2025-8.
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17.Delgado MC. Potassium in Hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports 2004;6:31–5.
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19.Indumati K, Kodliwadmath MV and Sheela MK. The Role of serum Electrolytes in Pregnancy induced hypertension. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2011;5(1):66-9.
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24.Bhaskar N, Kaur H, Qazi N. Comparison of serum calcium, magnesium, and uric acid levels in pre- eclamptic and normal pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital: A comparative analysis. IJMCH 2011;13(3).
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Bhaskar N, Mahajan S, Kaur H, Sheikh I, Manhas S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A multinational study
AsaadJavaidMirza1,*BDS, MCPS, MDS, IrfanUllah Khan2BDS, FCPS, MaazAsad3BDS, MDSc, MarwahBerkath3 BDS, SaadiaSaad4 BDS
Affiliation:
1*Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, KSA
2Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
3Research Scholar, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4General Dental Practitioner, Dubai
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, KSA
2. Department of Operative Dentistry, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Address reprint requests to
Prof. Asaad Javaid Mirza
College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, KSA
Article citation:
Mirza AJ, Khan IU, Asad M, Berkath M, Saad S. Assessment of dentists’ knowledge versus their practices towards treating dental caries. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):255-262. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Owing to induction of modern technology in dentistry, advent of adhesive restorative materials and better understanding of caries and its prevention modalities, caries treatment has turn out to be less invasive and more effective. Despite having all of the options for caries management at hand, most of the dentists continue to treat caries by traditional drill & fill technique. This can be well observed in Middle Eastern countries where dentists of various nationalities, especially from Asian and African countries come to work in health sector.
This multinational study accomplished in Asian and African countries was done to assess the status of practicing dentists’ knowledge about the modern pathways for caries management and its implementation in their clinical practices. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess knowledge of practicing dentists about caries treatment and to assess percentage of the dentists following modern caries- treating strategies.
Material & Methods: A meticulously prepared user-friendly questionnaire was displayed on social media consisting of 12 queries each on dentists’ knowledge about caries management and practice of its clinical implementation.
Results: Dentists from many Asian and African countries participated in the study and 515 responses were received. The data was analyzed using SPSS 17.
Conclusion: Most of the participating dentists lack pragmatic approach towards caries treatment despite having up-to-date pedagogic knowledge about caries management strategies.
KEYWORDS: Caries prevention; Caries management; Caries risk assessment; CAMBRA.
REFERENCES
1.Cury JA, Tenuta LMA. Enamel remineralization: controlling the caries disease or treating early caries lesions? Brazilian oral research. 2009;23:23-30.
2.CAMBRA. Caries Management by Risk Assessment 28.10.2014.
3.Featherstone J. Dental caries: a dynamic disease process. Australian dental journal. 2008;53(3):286-91.
4.Y Miller F, Campus G, Giuliana G, R Piscopo M, Pizzo G. Topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Current pharmaceutical design. 2012;18(34):5532-41.
5.Demito CF, Rodrigues GV, Ramos AL, Bowman S. Efficacy of a fluoride varnish in preventing white-spot lesions as measured with laser fluorescence. J Clin Orthod. 2011; 45:25-9.
6.Altenburger MJ, Schirrmeister JF, Lussi A, Klasser M, Hellwig E. In situ fluoride retention and remineralization of incipient carious lesions after the application of different concentrations of fluoride. European journal of oral sciences. 2009;117(1):58-63.
7.Pienihäkkinen K, Söderling E, Ostela I, Leskelä I, Tenovuo J. Comparison of the efficacy of 40% chlorhexidine varnish and 1% chlorhexidine-fluoride gel in decreasing the level of salivary mutans streptococci. Caries research. 1995;29(1):62-7.
8.Borges B, Campos G, da Silveira A, de Lima K, Pinheiro I. Efficacy of a pit and fissure sealant in arresting dentin non-cavitated caries: a 1-year follow-up, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial. American journal of dentistry. 2010;23(6):311-6.
9.Roberson T, Heymann H, Swift E. Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry 2006 (5th edition):67-133.
10.Thaweboon S, Thaweboon B, Soo-Ampon S. The effect of xylitol chewing gum on mutans streptococci in saliva and dental plaque. 2004.
11.Ribelles LM, Guinot JF, Mayné AR, Bellet DL. Effects of xylitol chewing gum on salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and presence of Streptococcus mutans in saliva. European journal of paediatric dentistry: official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2010;11(1):9-14.
12.Soderling E, Isokangas P, Pienihäkkinen K, Tenovuo J. Influence of maternal xylitol consumption on acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants. Journal of Dental Research. 2000;79(3):882-7.
13.Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Sasaki S. Intake of dairy products and the prevalence of dental caries in young children. Journal of dentistry. 2010;38(7):579-83.
14.Stephen H. Early caries detection: An evolution in the way we diagnose and treat dental caries.Canadian J of Cosmetic Dentistry. 2007;3(4):28-33.
15.Autio-Gold JT, Tomar SL. Dental students’ opinions and knowledge about caries management and prevention. Journal of dental education. 2008;72(1):26-32.
16.Yorty JS, Walls AT, Wearden S. Caries risk assessment/treatment programs in US dental schools: an eleven-year follow-up. Journal of dental education. 2011;75(1):62-7.
17.Main P, Lewis D, Hawkins R. A survey of general dentists in Ontario, Part I: Sealant use and knowledge. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 1996;63(7):542, 5-53.
18.Siegal MD, Garcia AI, Kandray DP, Giljahn LK. The use of dental sealants by Ohio dentists. Journal of public health dentistry. 1996;56(1):12-21.
19.Hasham K. Dental Caries-Preventive concepts of dentists in Peshawar. Pakistan Oral & Dent J 2005;25(1):87-92.
20.Amila Z, Maida G. Preventive Dentistry in Bosnian Private Dental Practices. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2007;41(3):193-204.
21.Garcia RI, Sohn W. The paradigm shift to prevention and its relationship to dental education.Journal of dental education. 2012;76(1):36-45.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Mirza AJ, Khan IU, Asad M, Berkath M, Saad S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Vikramjit Singh Wasu1,*, G. DurgaPadmaja2
Affiliation:
1Professor of Pediatrics, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
2Deputy Civil Surgeon, ESI Hospital, Sanat Nagar, Hyderabad, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad,India
2.Deputy Civil Surgeon, ESI Hospital, Sanat Nagar, Hyderabad, India
Address reprint requests to
*Dr. Vikramjit Singh Wasu.
Professor of Pediatrics, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Article citation:
Wasu VS, DurgaPadmaja G. Antiphospholipid antibodies in epilepsy with particular reference to neurocysticercosis in children. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):178-181. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Background: Some of the partial or uncontrolled epilepsies are associated with antibodies suggesting the existence of epileptic syndromes with possible abnormalities in immunological systems in such patients.
Objective: To determine the incidence of NCC admitted for convulsions with no previous neurological deficits and adverse history along with serum APLA levels in the patients forming study group.
Methods: Children admitted with convulsions in Gandhi Hospital beyond neonatal period up to 18years from January 2009 to April 2010 formed the study group. Children were evaluated by taking clinical history, thorough examination of all systems, followed by array of investigations.
Results: Out of total 70 cases studies, 3 were positive for APLA. APL antibodies were positive in two children with normal CT scan and one child with abnormal CT scan. Generalized seizures were seen in 33 children and partial seizures in 37 children. APL antibodies were positive in two children with partial seizures and one child with generalized seizures. Total of 18 children among 70 children showed neurocysticercosis in radio imaging. Six(6) each of children were found in stage 2 and stage 3. Two (2) children were in stage 1 and three children in stage 4 neurocysticercosis. APL antibodies were positive in one case of neurocysticercosis.
Conclusion: There has been an incidence of 4.2% of APLA positivity in our study. In this study, there is no statistical significance of APLA in epilepsy including symptomatic epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis. Further studies are required to determine exactly which type of seizure is immune mediated.
KEYWORDS: Neurocysticercosis; Antiphospholipid antibodies; epilepsy.
REFERENCES
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4.Toubi E, Khamashta MA, Panarra A, Hughes GRV. Association of antiphospholipid antibodies with central nervous system disease in SLE. Am J Med 1995;99:397-401.
5.Liou HH, Wang CR, Chen CJ et al. Elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies and epilepsy in lupus patients 1996;5:305-312.
6.Verrot D, SanMarco D, Dravet C et al. Prevalence and significance antinuclear and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with epilepsy. Am J Med 1997;103:33-7.
7.Peltola JT, Haapla AM, Isojarvi JI et al. Antiphospholipid and antinuclear antibodies in patients with epilepsy or new onset seizure disorders. Am J Med 2000;109:712-17.
8.Ranua JA, Luoma K, Peltola JT, Haapala AM, Isojarvi JI. Auto-antibodies in patients with epilepsy. A cohort based study. Epilepsia 2001;42(S2):20.
9.Eriksson K, Peltola J, Keranan T, Haapala AM, Koivikko M. High prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in children with epilepsy: A controlled study of 50 cases. Epilepsy Res 2001;46:129-137.
10.Climex R, Romeo A, Scarano A et al. Prevalence of anticardiolipin, anti beta 2 glycoprotein I and antiprothrombin antibodies in young patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2002;43:52-59.
11.Anne GO. Diagnostic neuro radiology 1994. Chapter 16. Infections of the brain and its linings. Pages 710-711.
12.Debourdeau P, Gerome P, Zammit C, Saillol A, Alletti M, Bourgues L et al. Frequency of anticardiolipin, antinuclear and anti beta 2 GP1 antibodies is not increased in unselected epileptic patients. A case control study. Seizures 2004;13(4):205-7.
13.Constantin T et al. Prevalence of antiphospholipid and antinuclear antibodies in children with epilepsy. Med Sci Mont 2009;15(4):164-9.
14.Angelini L, Granata T, Zibordi F, Binelli S, Zorzi G, Besana C. Partial seizures associated with antiphospholipids in childhoos. Neuropediatrics 1998;29(5):249-53.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Case report
Shams Ul Nisa1,*,Tajinder Kaur Saggu.2,R.Sangeetha.3,Namrata Harchandani4
Affiliation:
1Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital – Pune, Maharashtra, India
2Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Dasmesh Institute of Research & Dental Sciences, Faridkot- 151203, Punjab, India
3Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital- Chennai, India
4M.D.S, Dental Practioners, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospita l– Pune, Maharashtra, India
2.Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Dasmesh Institute of Research & Dental Sciences, Faridkot- 151203, Punjab, India.
3. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Ragas Dental College and Hospital- Chennai, India
Address reprint requests to
Dr. Shams Ul Nisa.
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital – Pune.
Address: Room no: 14, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Katraj–Dhankawadi, Pune.Pin code: 411043
Article citation:
Nisa SU, Saggu TK, Sangeetha R, Harchandan N. An unusual case of Odontogenic Keratocyst mimicking Central Giant Cell Granuloma. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015; 05(03):243-249. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) previously known as odontogenic keratocyst are aggressive intraosseous lesion with a recurrence rate of approximately 25-60%. World Health Organization (WHO) defined keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) as “a benign Unicystic or multicystic, intraosseous tumour of odontogenic origin, with a characteristic lining of parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and potential for aggressive, infiltrative behaviour.” WHO recommends the term “keratocystic odontogenic tumour” as it better reflects its neoplastic nature. KCOTs appear as well defined radiolucencies with distinct sclerotic margins, which can be either unilocular or multilocular. Here, we are presenting a rare case of OKC in anterior mandible crossing midline. The present paper also highlights brief discussion concerning the management of OKC.
KEYWORDS: Odontogenic keratocyst; keratocystic odontogenic tumor; anterior mandible.
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2.Jonathan Madras, BSc (Hons), DDS; Henry Lapointe, DDS, PhD, FRCD(C). Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumour: Reclassification of the Odontogenic Keratocyst from Cyst to Tumour. JCDA • www.cda-adc.ca/jcda March 2008;74( 2):165-165h.
3.Ajit Auluck, MDS, Setty Suhas, MDS, Keerthilatha M. Pai, MDS. Multiple Odontogenic Keratocysts: Report of a Case Ajit. C D. JCDA. www.cda-adc.ca/jcda• September 2006;72(7): 651-656.
4. Vij H, Vij R, Gupta V, Sengupta S.Odontogenic keratocyst: A peripheral variant. Niger J Clin Pract 2011;14:504-7.
5.Leite, T. C.; Meirelles Jr., V. & Janini, M. E. R. Odontogenic keratocystic tumor: A clinical and histopathologic retrospective study based on the new WHO classification. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2011; 5(3):227-234.
6. Sulabha A N, Choudhari S, Kenchappa U, Totad S. Massive keratocystic odontogenic tumor of mandible crossing the midline in 11-year child: An unusual case report and its management. Dent Hypotheses 2013;4:28-32.
7.Reddy M, Bela Mahajan, Khatri M ,Desai RS,Duggal A. An Interdental Radiolucent Lesion of Mandible: A Case Report and Differential Diagnosis. Int. Journal of Clinical Dental Science 2011; 2(3):13-17.
8. Moeini et al. A Case Report of Odontogenic Keratocyst in Anterior Mandibule Position. American Journal of Research Communication 2013:1(9):286-289.
9.Anisha Maria, Yogesh Sharma, Amit Chabbria. Marsupialization as a treatment option of a large Odontogenic keratocyst: A case report with the review of literature. People’s Journal of Scientific Research. Jan 2012;5(1):46-51.
10.Vijay Ebenezer, R. Balakrishnan and M. Sivakumar. A Case Report on Surgical Management of Odontogenic Keratocyst. World Journal of Medical Sciences 2014; 10 (2): 212-216.
11. Paul S Bland, Jacob Shiloah, Molly S Rosebush. Journal of the Tennessee Dental Association 2012;92(2):33-6; quiz 37-8.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Nisa SU, Saggu TK, Sangeetha R, Harchandan N. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Khokan Bera1,2,*,Jasmina Khanam2, Bhaskar Mazumder3
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS. Uluberia, W.B.,India
2Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, W.B., India
3Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS. Uluberia, W.B.,India
2.Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, W.B., India
3.Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
Address reprint requests to
Khokan Bera
Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS. Uluberia-711316, W.B., India
Article citation:
Bera K, Khanam J, Mazumder B. An analytical method development By liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of samples in in vivo study of a controlled release formulation, glipizide-pectin beads. J Pharm Biomed Sci.2015;05(03):223-232.Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT
A simple, sensitive and stable analytical LC/MS/MS (API 2000, Applied Biosystem Sciex) method has been developed and validated for rapid identification and quantification of antidiabetic drug, glipizide in blood plasma of wistar rats fed with a new formulation of glipizide-pectin beads. Samples containing glipizide were analyzed on C18-column (50 x 4.6mm, 5µm) using mixture of 0.01% (v/v) formic acid and methanol in 1:9(v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/minute. Glimepiride was used as internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, isopropyl alcohol (2.5:2.5:3:2, v/v).The organic layer was evaporated to dryness and quantified by LC/MS/MS. Precision was ~10.90 (intra-day) and 9.68 (inter-day). LOD, LOQ, mean recoveries, were observed as 25 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml and 96-99% respectively. This method was found reproducible, precise and rapid (retention time 1.56 minutes) with accuracy of 99.35%.
KEYWORDS: Glipizide, LC/MS, rat plasma, pharmacokinetics, hypoglycaemic.
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
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