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Research Article
Sarat Kumar Behera*, Umakanta Tripathy, Sudeep Kumar Patra, Saiprasanna Behera
Affiliation:
Intensive Care Unit, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Pandra, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Health Park, Pandra, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr Sarat Kumar Behera,
Intensive Care Unit, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Pandra, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Article citation:
Behera SK, Tripathy U, Patra SK, Behera S. PREVALENCE OF OCCULT ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN PATIENT WITH SEPTIC SHOCK. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015 Feb; 05(02)Suppl: S47-S53. Available at www.jpbms.info
Source of support: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest
The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Copyright © 2015 Behera SK, Tripathy U, Patra SK, Behera S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sania A.I. Shaddad1,*, A.K Muddathir2, I. B. ElTayeb3, A, O.Z. Baraka1
Affiliation:
11Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Address reprint requests to
Prof Sania A Shaddad.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Article citation: Shaddad AS et al. Ivermectin pharmacokinetics in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S43-S46.. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
The present work was carried out on healthly and productive Sudanese desert sheep, using ivermectin I % (Ivomec) at the therapeutic single dose of I cc/ 50 kg body weight (200 ug/kg body weight) on two groups of animals: non-pregnant and pregnant groups.
Ivermectin is a broad spectrum anthelmentic drug widely used in human as well as for veterinary practice.
Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in the non-pregnant and pregnant groups of ewes. Plasma samples were collected at day zero and then every other day. Drug analysis was carried out by RIA method.
The results showed a significant difference between the non-pregnant and pregnant animals with the pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2 (ka) 1.61± 0.20 and 0.47 + 0.11 hours, time to peak 6.58± 0.46 and 3.75± 0.29 days, Cm 36.07± 0.88 and 31.52 ± 0.79 ng/ml, Vd 16.29 ± 0.58 and 19.83± 1.16 L, AUC 1674.74 ± 21.42 and 1441.59 ± 43.74 ng/ml/days t1/2 (Ka 21.49 ± 0.59 and ± 1.65 days and the clearance 428.61 ± 1.62 and 470.39 ± 14.07 mI/day, The mean residual time was 41.032± 2.104 and 44.976 ± 4.694 days for non-pregnant and pregnant ewes respectively.
The residual effect of the drug was evident throughout the experiments. However, a second peak which occurred 4-5 times during the elimination phase was recorded in all the investigations carried out. These peaks were suggestive of an enterohepatic recycle, which could at least partly justify the persistence of the drug in the body.
KEYWORDS: Escherichia coli; super-growth; ox bile.
REFERENCES
1.Baraka, O.Z., Mahmoud B.M., Marschke C. K., Geary T.G., Homeida M. M. A. and Williams J.F. (1996). ivermectin distribution in the plasma and tissues of patients infected with Onchocerca voivulus. Eur. I Clin. Pharmacol. 50.407-410.
2.Campbell WC (1985) Ivermectin:An update. Prasitol Today 1(l):10-16.
3.Campbell W.C., Fisher M. H., Stapley E. 0., Albers-Schonbers G., Jacobs T. A. (1983). Ivermectin A potent new antiparasitic agent. Science 221:823-828.
4.Chiou R., Staubs R. J., and Bayne W.F. (1987). Determination of ivermectin in human plasma and milk by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. I Chromatography 416 -202.
5.Chiu SHL, Lu AYH (1989) Metabolism and tissue residues. In: Capbell W.C.(ed) Ivermectin and abamectin. Springer,New York,pp 13 1-143.
6.Downing GV (1989) The determinative method for assaying ivermectin residues in tissue and plasma. In:Capbell WC (ed)Ivermectin and abamectin. Springer, New York,pp 324-335.
7.Fink D. W., and Porras A.G. (1989). Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in animals and humans. (Ed. Cambell, W.C.) ivermectin and abamectin, chap. 7; pp 113-130, Springlar-Verlag, New York.
8.Marschke C.K. (1989). Development of radioimmunoassay for avermectin. International Chemical congress of Pacific Basin Societies. Agrochemistry presentation no. 233, Dec. 20,1989. Richardson C. (1972). Vet.Rec., 90:264.
9.Dakkak A. Robin B, Kachani M (1986). Efficacy of ivermectin in the ewe. Rev Med Vet (Toulse)137:781-787.
10. Richardson C (1972). Pregnancy diagnosis in the ewe: A review. Vet Rec 90:264-275.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Shaddad AS et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sania A. Shaddad1,*, Salah El Din Abdel Hag2, Tigani Hassan3, Sumaya I Abass4
Affiliation:
11Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
2Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bahr Elghazal, Sudan
3Department of Medicine, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum, Sudan
4Microbiology- Veterinary Research Centre, Khartoum Sudan
Address reprint requests to
Prof Sania A Shaddad.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Article citation: Mohammed Hamad AE, Sania Shaddad AI, Mohammed OY. Investigation of in vitro super growth generation of E. coli by ox bile. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S39-S42. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Ox bile as such has ethno-pharmacological use including infectious conditions. This therapeutic use was verified experimentally. Fresh ox bile was collected under aseptic conditions. Pathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli were cultivated using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial actions of ox bile were tested on standard pathogenic Escherichia coli cultured on blood agar. Whole ox bile & 50 % were bacteristatic to the microorganism. At the concentration of 33%, ox bile generated supergrowth of the microorganism. The microorganism was not sensitive to 25% concentration of ox bile.
KEYWORDS: Escherichia coli; super-growth; ox bile.
REFERENCES
1.Abdel Hag, S. E. A. (2008). A pharmacoligical study of some therapeutic & antimicrobial potentials of ox bile, PhD. Thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
2.Bockus, H. L. (1953). Affections of the gallbladder and bile ducts, Gastro-entrologly W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia: vol III. P. 424 – 715.
3.Collee, J. G.; Fraser, A. G., Marmion, B. P. and Simmons, A. (1996). Practical Medica lMicrobiolgy. 14th ed. Churchill Livingstone Inc. 650 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10011, USA.
4.Elsanousi, S.M.; Ali, B.H. and El Sheikh, A. (2004). The influence of deoxycholic acid on the inhibitory effect of Furazolidone in vitro, (unpublished paper).
5.Garriga, Paseual. Selection of lactobacilli for chicken probiotic adjuncts, Journal of applied microbiology 1997; 84,1:125.
6.Hulitanen, C.M. Bile acid inhibition of Clastridium botulinum, Applied Environmental microbiology 1979; 38: 216 – 218.
7.Kalashinic, S.A. Bactericidal action of human and bovine bile on Staphylococci, Varachebonoe Delo.1973;10:132 -154.
8.Tkachuch, N.I. Protection of antimicrobial activity of Furazolidone by bile acids. Vrachebonoe Delo 1983; 4:110 – 112.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Shaddad AS et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article
Ibtihal Muiz Al-Hussaini *
Affiliation:
Biology/Mycology department, College of Science, Babylon University, Iraq
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Biology/Mycology department, College of Science, Babylon University, Iraq
Address reprint requests to
* Ibtihal Muiz Al-Hussaini.
Biology/Mycology department, College of Science, Babylon University, Iraq
Article citation: Al-Hussaini IM. Detection and estimation of some active compounds of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) and measure their inhibition effect on the growth of Rhizoctonia Solani. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S19-S24. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: The study which includ the effect of bio-fungicides Bacillin ( consist of Bacillus cereus + active material ) with or without boron and/ or manganese used to control damping-off and root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani throughout that treated of tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum) . Amount of Boron in leaves and root of tomato plant grown in soil free of R. solani and treated with these elements were 509.36 and 418.53 μg/g respectively. Level of Manganese which was not changed in leaves of plant from all treatments while increased in roots of Manganese treated plants (58 μg/g).
The results of experiment demonstrated that the content of phenols and alkaloids in roots of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) possess antagonistic activity against R. solani in particular alkaloids which have more effectivnace on fungus than phenols. This antagonistic activity was increased with presence of Bacillin from 44.1% to 98%. Also the efficiency of alkaloids against R. solani increased by this bio-agent from 78.9% to 100%. Alkaloids compound were detected through the chromatography experiment which run at Rf = 33.5 and Rf= 7.6, also phenolic compound at Rf= 80.5 and Rf= 6.4 Both of them may play an important role in induced resistance.
KEYWORDS: Rhizoctonia solani; Tomato; Bacillin; elements; Active compounds.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.