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Original article
Sanjay Kumar Porwal1,*,B.C.Mewara1,¥,Madhusudan Swarnkar1,€,Sanjeev Gupta1,ß
Affiliation:
1,*Associate Professor, 1,¥Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
1,€ Assistanrt Professor, Department of P.S.M, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
1,ß Senior Medical Officer, Department of Anaesthesia, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
1.Department of Surgery, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
2.Department of P.S.M, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
3.Department of Anaesthesia, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society, Jhalawar (Rajasthan)-326001, India
Address reprint requests to
* Dr Sanjay Kumar Porwal.
B4 Anand Vihar, Jhalawar, Rajasthan- 326001, India
Article citation: Porwal, SK.,Mewara, BC.,Swarnkar, M,Gupta, S. A clinical study of enteric perforation peritonitis. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb;05 Suppl:S1-S4. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Enteric perforation is a a common occurrence in developing world. Its surgical complication is perforation peritonitis. It causes great morbidity and mortality and a socio economic burden to already poorer countries and developing countries.
Methodology: A retrospective study conducted at S.R.G. Hospital attached to Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College, Jhalawar (Rajasthan). It includes 100 cases. Data was collected and master chart prepared.
Results: This study shows that males are more affected. There is a lot of morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion: The commoner entity enteric perforation peritonitis can be put under control in terms of morbidity and mortality by better pre operative , per operative and post operative care.
KEYWORDS: typhoid fever, enteric perforation, peritonitis.
Article citation: Porwal, SK.,Mewara, BC.,Swarnkar, M,Gupta, S. A clinical study of enteric perforation peritonitis. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb;05 Suppl:S1-S4. Available at www.jpbms.info
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Porwal, S.K.,Mewara, B.C.,Swarnkar, M.,Gupta, S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sania A. Shaddad1,*, Salah El Din Abdel Hag2, Tigani Hassan3, Sumaya I Abass4
Affiliation:
11Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
2Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bahr Elghazal, Sudan
3Department of Medicine, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Khartoum, Sudan
4Microbiology- Veterinary Research Centre, Khartoum Sudan
Address reprint requests to
Prof Sania A Shaddad.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Article citation: Mohammed Hamad AE, Sania Shaddad AI, Mohammed OY. Investigation of in vitro super growth generation of E. coli by ox bile. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S39-S42. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
Ox bile as such has ethno-pharmacological use including infectious conditions. This therapeutic use was verified experimentally. Fresh ox bile was collected under aseptic conditions. Pathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli were cultivated using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial actions of ox bile were tested on standard pathogenic Escherichia coli cultured on blood agar. Whole ox bile & 50 % were bacteristatic to the microorganism. At the concentration of 33%, ox bile generated supergrowth of the microorganism. The microorganism was not sensitive to 25% concentration of ox bile.
KEYWORDS: Escherichia coli; super-growth; ox bile.
REFERENCES
1.Abdel Hag, S. E. A. (2008). A pharmacoligical study of some therapeutic & antimicrobial potentials of ox bile, PhD. Thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
2.Bockus, H. L. (1953). Affections of the gallbladder and bile ducts, Gastro-entrologly W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia: vol III. P. 424 – 715.
3.Collee, J. G.; Fraser, A. G., Marmion, B. P. and Simmons, A. (1996). Practical Medica lMicrobiolgy. 14th ed. Churchill Livingstone Inc. 650 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10011, USA.
4.Elsanousi, S.M.; Ali, B.H. and El Sheikh, A. (2004). The influence of deoxycholic acid on the inhibitory effect of Furazolidone in vitro, (unpublished paper).
5.Garriga, Paseual. Selection of lactobacilli for chicken probiotic adjuncts, Journal of applied microbiology 1997; 84,1:125.
6.Hulitanen, C.M. Bile acid inhibition of Clastridium botulinum, Applied Environmental microbiology 1979; 38: 216 – 218.
7.Kalashinic, S.A. Bactericidal action of human and bovine bile on Staphylococci, Varachebonoe Delo.1973;10:132 -154.
8.Tkachuch, N.I. Protection of antimicrobial activity of Furazolidone by bile acids. Vrachebonoe Delo 1983; 4:110 – 112.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Shaddad AS et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Sania A.I. Shaddad1,*, A.K Muddathir2, I. B. ElTayeb3, A, O.Z. Baraka1
Affiliation:
11Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Address reprint requests to
Prof Sania A Shaddad.
Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
Article citation: Shaddad AS et al. Ivermectin pharmacokinetics in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2015 Feb; 05(02) Suppl:S43-S46.. Available at www.jpbms.info
ABSTRACT:
The present work was carried out on healthly and productive Sudanese desert sheep, using ivermectin I % (Ivomec) at the therapeutic single dose of I cc/ 50 kg body weight (200 ug/kg body weight) on two groups of animals: non-pregnant and pregnant groups.
Ivermectin is a broad spectrum anthelmentic drug widely used in human as well as for veterinary practice.
Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in the non-pregnant and pregnant groups of ewes. Plasma samples were collected at day zero and then every other day. Drug analysis was carried out by RIA method.
The results showed a significant difference between the non-pregnant and pregnant animals with the pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2 (ka) 1.61± 0.20 and 0.47 + 0.11 hours, time to peak 6.58± 0.46 and 3.75± 0.29 days, Cm 36.07± 0.88 and 31.52 ± 0.79 ng/ml, Vd 16.29 ± 0.58 and 19.83± 1.16 L, AUC 1674.74 ± 21.42 and 1441.59 ± 43.74 ng/ml/days t1/2 (Ka 21.49 ± 0.59 and ± 1.65 days and the clearance 428.61 ± 1.62 and 470.39 ± 14.07 mI/day, The mean residual time was 41.032± 2.104 and 44.976 ± 4.694 days for non-pregnant and pregnant ewes respectively.
The residual effect of the drug was evident throughout the experiments. However, a second peak which occurred 4-5 times during the elimination phase was recorded in all the investigations carried out. These peaks were suggestive of an enterohepatic recycle, which could at least partly justify the persistence of the drug in the body.
KEYWORDS: Escherichia coli; super-growth; ox bile.
REFERENCES
1.Baraka, O.Z., Mahmoud B.M., Marschke C. K., Geary T.G., Homeida M. M. A. and Williams J.F. (1996). ivermectin distribution in the plasma and tissues of patients infected with Onchocerca voivulus. Eur. I Clin. Pharmacol. 50.407-410.
2.Campbell WC (1985) Ivermectin:An update. Prasitol Today 1(l):10-16.
3.Campbell W.C., Fisher M. H., Stapley E. 0., Albers-Schonbers G., Jacobs T. A. (1983). Ivermectin A potent new antiparasitic agent. Science 221:823-828.
4.Chiou R., Staubs R. J., and Bayne W.F. (1987). Determination of ivermectin in human plasma and milk by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. I Chromatography 416 -202.
5.Chiu SHL, Lu AYH (1989) Metabolism and tissue residues. In: Capbell W.C.(ed) Ivermectin and abamectin. Springer,New York,pp 13 1-143.
6.Downing GV (1989) The determinative method for assaying ivermectin residues in tissue and plasma. In:Capbell WC (ed)Ivermectin and abamectin. Springer, New York,pp 324-335.
7.Fink D. W., and Porras A.G. (1989). Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in animals and humans. (Ed. Cambell, W.C.) ivermectin and abamectin, chap. 7; pp 113-130, Springlar-Verlag, New York.
8.Marschke C.K. (1989). Development of radioimmunoassay for avermectin. International Chemical congress of Pacific Basin Societies. Agrochemistry presentation no. 233, Dec. 20,1989. Richardson C. (1972). Vet.Rec., 90:264.
9.Dakkak A. Robin B, Kachani M (1986). Efficacy of ivermectin in the ewe. Rev Med Vet (Toulse)137:781-787.
10. Richardson C (1972). Pregnancy diagnosis in the ewe: A review. Vet Rec 90:264-275.
Statement of Originality of work: The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, the requirements for authorship have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Copyright © 2015 Shaddad AS et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article
Asha Vinod Bhat*
Affiliation:
*Lecturer, Department of OBG Nursing, KLE University’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka-600099, India
The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:
Department of OBG Nursing, KLE University’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka-600099, India
Address reprint requests to
*Asha Vinod Bhat.
Lecturer, Department of OBG Nursing, KLE University’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka -600099., India
ABSTRACT: A study to EValuate the effectiveness of PTP on selected menstrual irregularities and the remedial measures practiced among early adolescent girls in selected high schools at Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Background and objectives: Adolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period which signifies the transition from girlhood to womanhood. Menstrual disorders include menstrual irregularity, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, and other related symptoms. Among these, dysmenorrhoea is the most common, being reported in 60 to 90% of adolescents. The nurse being the part of health team must educate the adolescent girls regarding menstrual disorders and show the correct pathway to prevent the menstrual disorders. Thus planned teaching programme will help the adolescent girls to get awareness about menstrual irregularities and remedial measures.
Objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding menstrual irregularities experienced and remedial measures practiced by the early adolescent girls, prepare and administer PTP and find out the association between pre test knowledge scores and demographic variables.
Methods: One group pre test post design was adopted. The data was collected by using self administered questionnaire from the 60 early adolescent girls. The sampling technique used for the study was non-probability sampling technique [purposive].
Results: The result revealed that in pre test majority of the adolescent girls 45 (75%) had average knowledge and 6 (10%) had poor knowledge whereas; in post test 14 (23.3%) of adolescent girls had good knowledge and 40 (66.6%) had average knowledge about menstrual irregularities and its remedial measures.
There was an association between pre test knowledge scores and demographic variables such us religion, mother’s educational qualification and source of information where as there was no association between the demographic variables age, type of family female siblings, menstrual problems, and remedial measures.
KEYWORDS: Menstrual irregularities; remedial measures; adolescent girls; planned teaching programme; knowledge.
Source of funding: None
Competing interest / Conflict of interest: The author(s) have no competing interests for financial support, publication of this research, patents and royalties through this collaborative research. All authors were equally involved in discussed research work. There is no financial conflict with the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.
Disclaimer: Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense.
Majority of the information gathered are from media sources which don’t reflect the author’s own opinion.
Copyright © 2015 Bhat AV. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.